10779/rcsi.10785350.v1 Paul J. McKiernan Paul J. McKiernan Catherine M. Greene Catherine M. Greene MicroRNA Dysregulation in Cystic Fibrosis. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland 2019 Cystic fibrosis endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo study inflammation innate immunity ion conductance lung disease nonhuman pathogenesis pathophysiology pneumonia primary cell culture priority journal protein defect protein expression Review RNA processing Medicine 2019-11-22 16:34:35 Journal contribution https://repository.rcsi.com/articles/journal_contribution/MicroRNA_Dysregulation_in_Cystic_Fibrosis_/10785350 <p>The cystic fibrosis lung is a complex milieu comprising multiple factors that coordinate its physiology. MicroRNAs are regulatory factors involved in most biological processes and it is becoming increasingly clear that they play a key role in the development and manifestations of CF lung disease. These small noncoding RNAs act posttranscriptionally to inhibit protein production. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease stems from the fact that their expression is altered in vivo in the CF lung due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors; to date defective chloride ion conductance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and infection have been implicated in altering endogenous miRNA expression in this setting. Here, the current state-of-the-art and biological consequences of altered microRNA expression in cystic fibrosis are reviewed.</p>