Mroz, Magdalena S. Keating, Niamh Ward, Joseph B. Sarker, Rafiquel Amu, Silvie Aviello, Gabriella Donowitz, Mark Fallon, Padraic G. Keely, Stephen J. Farnesoid X receptor agonists attenuate colonic epithelial secretory function and prevent experimental diarrhoea in vivo. <p>OBJECTIVE: Bile acids are important regulators of intestinal physiology, and the nuclear bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for several intestinal disorders. Here, we investigated a role for FXR in regulating intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport and the potential for FXR agonists in treating diarrhoeal diseases.</p> <p>DESIGN: Electrogenic ion transport was measured as changes in short-circuit current across voltage-clamped T84 cell monolayers or mouse tissues in Ussing chambers. NHE3 activity was measured as BCECF fluorescence in Caco-2 cells. Protein expression was measured by immunoblotting and cell surface biotinylation. Antidiarrhoeal efficacy of GW4064 was assessed using two in vivo mouse models: the ovalbumin-induced diarrhoea model and cholera toxin (CTX)-induced intestinal fluid accumulation.</p> <p>RESULTS: GW4064 (5 μmol/L; 24 h), a specific FXR agonist, induced nuclear translocation of the receptor in T84 cells and attenuated Cl(-) secretory responses to both Ca(2+) and cAMP-dependent agonists. GW4064 also prevented agonist-induced inhibition of NHE3 in Caco-2 cells. In mice, intraperitoneal administration of GW4064 (50 mg/mL) also inhibited Ca(2+) and cAMP-dependent secretory responses across ex vivo colonic tissues and prevented ovalbumin-induced diarrhoea and CTX-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in vivo. At the molecular level, FXR activation attenuated apical Cl(-) currents by inhibiting expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channels and inhibited basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity without altering expression of the protein.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal a novel antisecretory role for the FXR in colonic epithelial cells and suggest that FXR agonists have excellent potential for development as a new class of antidiarrheal drugs.</p> Animals;Antidiarrheals;Blotting;Western;Caco-2 Cells;Cells;Cultured;Colon;Diarrhea;Electrodiagnosis;Humans;Intestinal Mucosa;Ion Transport;Isoxazoles;Male;Mice;Inbred C57BL;Receptors;Cytoplasmic and Nuclear;Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3;Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers;Molecular Medicine 2019-11-22
    https://repository.rcsi.com/articles/journal_contribution/Farnesoid_X_receptor_agonists_attenuate_colonic_epithelial_secretory_function_and_prevent_experimental_diarrhoea_in_vivo_/10786373