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Capability of 19-litre polycarbonate plastic water cooler containers for efficient solar water disinfection (SODIS): field case studies in India, Bahrain and Spain.

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journal contribution
posted on 2019-11-22, 17:02 authored by Michael B. Keogh, M Castro-Alférez, M I. Polo-López, I Fernández Calderero, Y A. Al-Eryani, C Joseph-Titus, B Sawant, R Dhodapkar, C Mathur, Kevin G. McGuigan, P Fernández-Ibáñez

The small treated volume (typically ~2 litres) associated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles that are most frequently used in solar water disinfection (SODIS), is a major obstacle to uptake of this water treatment technology in the developing world. In order to address this problem we have conducted a series of experiments in Spain, Bahrain and India, to assess the efficacy of large volume (19 litres) transparent plastic (polycarbonate) water cooler/dispenser containers (WDCs) as SODIS reactors to inactivate Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, under strong natural sunlight. Reduction values of 6 log10 units (LRV = 6.0) have been observed using WDCs in each location. Additional comparisons between 2-L PET bottles and 19-L indicate that WDCs provide bacterial inactivation similar in both systems. SODIS disinfection experiments in turbid water (100 NTU) in both reactors showed very good inactivation efficiency. LRVs of 7.2 and 7.8 were obtained for E. coli in WDC and 2-L PET bottles, respectively, and in the case of E. faecalis LRV = 5.7 and 7.9 were observed. These studies demonstrate that under conditions of strong sunlight and mild temperature, 19 litre water dispenser containers can be used to provide adequate volumes of SODIS treated water for households or larger community applications such as schools or clinics in the developing world.

Funding

MBK and KMcG were funded by the European Commission (SFERA - Solar Facilities for the European Research Area project’.contract no. 228296). Research Travel for KMcG and CM was funded by the Short Term Study Mission Programme of 3U Global Health (contract no. 3UGH-STSM-2012-2). The authors have no proprietary, professional, financial, or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, this work. KMcG would like to thank Dr Maria Boyle for artwork used in the graphical abstract.

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This article is also available at http://www.journals.elsevier.com/solar-energy/

Published Citation

Keogh MB, Castro-Alférez M, Polo-López MI, Calderero IF, Al-Eryani YA, Joseph-Titus C, Sawant B, Dhodapkar R, Mathur C, McGuigan KG, Fernández-Ibáñez P. Capability of 19-litre polycarbonate plastic water cooler containers for efficient solar water disinfection (SODIS): field case studies in India, Bahrain and Spain. Solar Energy. 2015;116:1-11.

Publication Date

2015-01-01

Publisher

Elsevier

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