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The Use of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Clozapine Rechallenge: A Systematic Review.

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Version 2 2021-10-13, 13:23
Version 1 2019-11-22, 17:09
journal contribution
posted on 2019-11-22, 17:09 authored by John Lally, Steffi Malik, Amir Krivoy, Eromona Whiskey, David M. Taylor, Fiona P. Gaughran, Robert J. Flanagan, Aleksandar Mijovic, James H MacCabe

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Clozapine is associated with hematological abnormalities, with neutropenia and agranulocytosis of most concern. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used to support clozapine rechallenge after neutropenia with the aim of maintaining the neutrophil count. This study aims to explore the practice, use, safety, and efficacy of G-CSF in this context.

METHODS/PROCEDURES: We conducted a systematic review to identify all studies investigating or describing G-CSF as a prophylaxis to enable continued clozapine treatment during a rechallenge.

FINDINGS/RESULTS: We identified 32 reports of patients who received G-CSF either regularly (n = 23) or as required (n = 9) to support clozapine rechallenge after an episode of neutropenia necessitating discontinuation of clozapine. Seventy-five percent (n = 24) of published cases remained on clozapine with the use of continual prophylactic G-CSF or after single G-CSF administrations (n = 8). Seventy percent (n = 16) of patients in receipt of continual prophylactic G-CSF were successfully maintained on clozapine. However, 1 of the 3 episodes of rechallenge in those with a history of severe agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count

IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that G-CSF can sometimes be safely used to support the maintenance of normal neutrophil counts and clozapine use after neutropenia. Publication bias is an important limitation, however. Also, few reports clearly documented the presence or absence of an independent nonclozapine cause of the index neutropenia, which may have increased success rates. Furthermore, adverse events were not systematically recorded. Prospective studies are needed to determine safety because if agranulocytosis occurs on clozapine while supported by G-CSF, there is no obvious alternate rescue therapy to promote granulopoiesis. From the available data, it is not possible to recommend this course of action for someone with a true clozapine agranulocytosis.

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The original article is available at https://journals.lww.com

Published Citation

Lally J, Malik S, Krivoy A, Whiskey E, Taylor DM, Gaughran FP, Flanagan RJ, Mijovic A, MacCabe JH. The Use of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Clozapine Rechallenge: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacologyl. 2017;37(5):600-604.

Publication Date

2017-10-01

Publisher

Williams And Wilkins

PubMed ID

28817489

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