The role of proteases, endoplasmic reticulum stress and SERPINA1 heterozygosity in lung disease and α-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.
The serine proteinase inhibitor α-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) provides an antiprotease protective screen throughout the body. Mutations in the AAT gene (SERPINA1) that lead to deficiency in AAT are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The Z mutation encodes a misfolded variant of AAT that is not secreted effectively and accumulates intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and other AAT-producing cells. Until recently, it was thought that loss of antiprotease function was the major cause of ZAAT-related lung disease. However, the contribution of gain-of-function effects is now being recognized. Here we describe how both loss- and gain-of-function effects can contribute to ZAAT-related lung disease. In addition, we explore how SERPINA1 heterozygosity could contribute to smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and consider the consequences.
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The Version of Scholarly Record of this Article is published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2011, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/ DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.20Published Citation
Greene CM, Hassan T, Molloy K, McElvaney NG. The role of proteases, endoplasmic reticulum stress and SERPINA1 heterozygosity in lung disease and α-1 anti-trypsin deficiency. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 2011;5(3):395-411Publication Date
2011-06-01External DOI
PubMed ID
21702661Department/Unit
- Beaumont Hospital
- Medicine