Medical imaging in the 21st century: the promise and the challenges

The latter part of the 20th century saw the practical application of computer technology and molecular biology, while the early 21st century is seeing the merging of these technologies and the application of bioinformatics to medical imaging. The development of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the past two decades, and the more recent emergence of molecular imaging, has created diagnostic capabilities that will dramatically change the way medicine is practised. As well as providing new diagnostic modalities, advanced imaging will improve our understanding of disease processes and facilitate tailored patient treatment and follow-up. Although imaging technology requires major capital investment, costs may be offset by eliminating unnecessary procedures, improving outcomes, and optimising care. This article discusses two emerging imaging technologies: molecular imaging (MI); and, computed tomography angiography (CTA).